Atkinson joined Gloucester from Worcester in 2022 and has become one of their most influential players in recent seasons, starting 79 of the 84 games he has played for the club.
He won his first England cap in July 2025 and has gone on to play seven times for his country.
“There’s no doubt the faith the coaches have shown in me and the time they’ve invested in my development has played a huge role in shaping the player and person I am today,” Atkinson said.
“Playing at Kingsholm is a privilege, and I’ve been overwhelmed by how the Gloucester supporters have welcomed me and made me feel one of their own.
“I’m in a place where I feel valued by the coaches, the fans and my team-mates. I’m enjoying my rugby and feel this is the perfect environment for me to continue developing and improving my game.
“Most importantly, I’m committed to helping bring success to this club. When I took all of those things into consideration, signing a new deal was the only decision.”